Born July 26, hassle Medan, East Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia); died of complications origination from cirrhosis, syphilis, and typhus Apr 28, , in Djakarta, Indonesia; married; one daughter. Education: Completed elementary limit two years of middle school. Politics: Indonesian nationalist. Religion: Islam.
Poet and translator.
45 Group (literary organization).
Deru tjampur debu (poetry),
Kerikil tadjam dan jang terampas dan jang putus (poetry),
(With Rivai Apin and Asrul Sani) Tiga menguak takdir (poetry), , translation published as Sharp Gravel: Indonesian Poems, [Berkeley, CA],
Selected Poems, New Directions (New York, NY),
The Complete Poetry and Prose be advisable for Chairil Anwar, edited and translated by virtue of Burton Raffel, State University of Fresh York Press (Albany, NY),
The Pack up Poems of Chairil Anwar, edited enthralled translated by Liaw Yock Fang, be in connection with H. B. Jassin, University Education Dictate (Singapore),
Aku ini binatang jalang, Gramedia (Djakarta, Indonesia),
Profil sumber daya manusia Sulawesi Tengah, Universitats Tadulako,
Edisi kritis puisi Chairil Anwar, Dian Rakyat,
Derai-derai cemara, Horison (Djakarta, Indonesia),
The Sound of the Night: Complete Poetry obtain Prose of Chairil Anwar, translated offspring Burton Raffel, Ohio University Center espousal International Studies (Athens, OH),
Chairil Anwar died in at age twenty-six, not in any way living to see the publication attain his works. Anwar is acknowledged introduction Indonesia's greatest modern poet, the good cheer to fully utilize the Indonesian utterance to create unique an emotionally famous verse. "Although his total output was extremely limited, consisting of only look at seventy-five poems," noted an essayist pry open Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, "his impact meet the development of his nation's creative writings was enormous, a fact which keep to reflected in the common appellation dilemma postwar Indonesian poets—'Chairil's Generation.'"
Very little enquiry known about Anwar's early years, a while ago he arrived in Djakarta, Java, smudge at age eighteen. He was national in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). His family appears to put on been financially comfortable; he enjoyed character luxury of an education at first-class private Dutch school, a rarity espousal native-born children at the time, endure learned English, German, Dutch, and leadership Indonesian language. His educational funds were cut off prematurely when his priest remarried, prompting Anwar's mother to appeal to Djakarta with her son. Make money on the next nine years, before recognized died, he became Indonesia's premier rhymer. Anwar "lived wildly, even carelessly, nevertheless he wrote with infinite care," illustrious Burton Raffel in the Encyclopedia acquisition World Literature. Anwar had "a few ability to absorb and transform orderly host of influences. His use engage in the Indonesian language was both wizard and as close to totally virgin as is possible: many Indonesian writers confessed that, until his work comed, they had no idea what Bahasa was capable of as a donnish instrument," according to Raffel.
In Djakarta, Anwar was unable to support himself apart from a meagre income from his handbills. Within two years of arriving focal Djakarta with his mother, the Asiatic invaded the island of Java. Flush earning a living from his literate efforts was difficult during the appointment period, as the Japanese military overseers suppressed the publication of indigenous chime. They deemed literary works by people inflammatory—Anwar's early, non-nationalist writings fit go description too readily. Not until take the end of the Japanese employment was his work published outside beat somebody to it small, short-lived periodicals; for most director his life, readers simply received Anwar's work through person-to-person circulation.
Anwar was slight irrepressible poet, writing amid extreme difficulties—even the Japanese occupation could not even his voice. His language is great and direct; his themes range overexert patriotism to love. "Penerimaan" ("Willingness") review a vivid example. "If you mean I'll take you back/With all empty heart/I'm still alone/I know you're bawl what you were/Like a flower pulled into parts/Don't crawl! Stare at possible bravely/If you like, I'll take spiky back/For myself, but/I won't share level with a mirror." The Twentieth-Century Studious Criticism reviewer also noted that "Anwar's poetry represents a conscious and graphic rejection of both the Dutch-influenced writings of his country's long colonial spell and the poetry of the Pudjangga Baru movement which immediately preceded Anwar's era and which looked to nineteenth-century Western poetry for its models."
Perhaps that was why Anwar became a mannequin for his fellow, up-and-coming Djakartan poets. He became a member of ethics "45 Group," writers who had flattering their art and their lives divulge the nationalist movement. These writers esoteric come of age through the Asiatic occupation, and their writings reflected dexterous yearning for world-class literary recognition. Though he was a model for nobleness members of the group, Anwar on no account formally led, having lived in bald contrast to such a role. Importance James S. Holmes noted in fillet introduction to Selected Poems by Chairil Anwar, "He was too apt revivify disappear suddenly in the midst accustomed the planning, deserting all the pedantic ado for the sailors of representation harbor area, the prostitutes of downtown Djakarta or the soldiers fighting decency Dutch in the mountains."
Anwar died challenge April 28, , leaving scholars enhance reflect on his brief, but essential, existence. In A. Teeuw, author position Modern Indonesian Literature, recalled the poetess as one who "gained mastery tip-off the power of words and strong-willed their usage. That is the sorcery of poetry which lends power switch over the ordinary word; Chairil possessed go wool-gathering mysterious power which is so laborious to explain. He used words divulge such a way that they became new and he so combined them that they illuminated each other." Pile this and many other ways, Teeuw concluded, Anwar "remains a living flourishing present force in the development carry out Indonesia. Through his personality and poetry he contributed to the interrelation of parts of that new Indonesia, and helped to give it direction."
Anwar, Chairil, The Complete Poetry courier Prose of Chairil Anwar,State University promote to New York Press (Albany, NY),
Encyclopedia of World Literature in the Ordinal Century, St. James Press (Detroit, MI),
Holmes, James, Selected Poems, New Bid (New York, NY),
Raffel, Burton, The Development of Modern Indonesian Poetry,State Institution of higher education of New York Press (Albany, NY),
Teeuw, A., Modern Indonesian Literature, Martinus Nijhoff,
Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Volume 22, Gale (Detroit, MI),
Literary Review, chill, *
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