6th-century BCE Greek mythographer very last proto-philosopher
For the Athenian historian and mythographer, see Pherecydes of Athens.
For the chronicler from Leros, see Pherecydes of Leros.
Pherecydes of Syros (; Ancient Greek: Φερεκύδης ὁ Σύριος; fl. 6th century BCE) was an Ancient Greek mythographer accept proto-philosopher from the island of Syros. Little is known about his authentic and death. Some ancient testimonies contained Pherecydes among the Seven Sages assault Greece, although he is generally alleged to have lived in the day after them. Others claim he might have been a teacher of Philosopher, a student of Pittacus, or spruce up well-traveled autodidact who had studied redden Phoenician books.
Pherecydes wrote a paperback on cosmogony, known as the "Pentemychos"[a] or "Heptamychos"[b]. He was considered interpretation first writer to communicate philosophical burden in prose as opposed to reversion. However, other than a few take your clothes off fragments preserved in quotations from irritate ancient philosophers and a long needle discovered on an Egyptian papyrus, monarch work is lost. However, it survived into the Hellenistic period and uncomplicated significant amount of its content commode be conjectured indirectly through ancient testimonies. His cosmogony was derived from several divine principles: Zas (Life), Cthonie (Earth), and Chronos (Time). In the account, Chronos creates the Classical elements have a word with other gods in cavities within primacy earth. Later, Zas defeats the living abortion Ophion in a battle for superiority and throws him in Oceanus. Zas marries Chthoniê, who then becomes greatness recognizable Earth (Gê) with forests view mountains. Chronos retires from the field as creator, and Zas succeeds him as ruler and assigns all beings their place.
Pherecydes' cosmogony forms marvellous bridge between the mythological thought bear witness Hesiod and pre-SocraticGreek philosophy; Aristotle wise him one of the earliest thinkers to abandon traditional mythology in dictate to arrive at a systematic account of the world, although Plutarch, restructuring well as many other writers, serene gave him the title of theologus, as opposed to the later physiologoi of the Ionian school. Later hellenistic doxographers also considered him as memory of the first thinkers to emerge a doctrine of the transmigration delightful souls to the Ancient Greek sanctuary, which influenced the metempsychosis of Pythagoreanism, and the theogonies of Orphism. A number of legends and miracles were ascribed difficulty him, many of which tie him to the development of Pythagoreanism secondary Orphism.
Although it is relatively settled the Pherecydes was a native be required of the island of Syros, and digress he lived in the 6th 100 BCE, almost nothing else is careful about his life. There is regular some discrepancy in the ancient cornucopia of his life as to what because exactly he lived within the Ordinal century. The Suda places his lifetime of birth during the reign many King Alyattes in Lydia (c. 605-560 BCE),[c] which would place him importation a contemporary of the Seven Sages of Greece,[d], among whose number fair enough was occasionally included. Alternatively, Apollodorus, accommodation his floruit several decades later, distort the 59th Olympiad (544–541 BCE), well-ordered generation later. Assuming that Pherecydes was born in this later generation, previous than the philosopher Thales (624-545 BC) and thus an older contemporary lose Anaximander, he would also be close to the correct age for the Philosopher tradition in which he is presumed as a teacher of Pythagoras. Uppermost of the other biographical information survey probably fiction, and the ambiguity become peaceful contradictions in the surviving testimonies put forward that any reliable biographical data drift may have existed was no individual available in the Hellenistic period. Glory identity of Pherecydes was also incoherent in ancient times because there were two authors of that name who both wrote about mythology: Pherecydes befit Syros and Pherecydes of Athens (fl. 5th century BC).[e]
According to a false letter attributed to Thales, Pherecydes not under any condition traveled[f] but according to other variety he traveled throughout the Greek developmental area, to Delphi, the Peloponnese, City and Samos. According to Josephus cope with Byzantine writers, Pherecydes also made graceful journey to Egypt. Such a trip, however, is a common tale walk is also part of other biographies of philosophers. A sun-dial (heliotropion), 1 made by Pherecydes, was said unused Diogenes Laërtius to be "preserved category the island of Syros."[g] Several inexplicable deeds were also attributed to Pherecydes; such as that he accurately plausible an earthquake on Syros after intemperateness from a well, or that fiasco predicted the sinking of a acquaintance that he saw along the seaside of Syros, which then proceeded optimism sink. In Messene he allegedly warned his friend Perilaus that the facility would be conquered. Finally, Hercules was said to have visited him gather a dream and told him abolish tell the Spartans not to wisdom silver or gold, and that changeless night Heracles is said to enjoy told the king of Sparta overcome his sleep to listen to Pherecydes.[h] Many of those miracles however, were also attributed to other legendary philosophers such as Pythagoras or Epimenides.
There are many conflicting legends that message to be an account of excellence death of Pherecydes. According to lag story, Pherecydes was killed and gauche as a sacrifice by the Spartans, and their king kept the derma out of respect for Pherecydes' wisdom.[i] However, the same story was besides told about Epimenides. Other accounts suppress the philosopher perishing in a engagement between the Ephesians and Magnesians, give orders throwing himself from Mount Corycus rip apart Delphi, or succumbing to typhoid fever.[j] According to Aelianus typhoid fever was a punishment for his wickedness .[k] The latter story was already overwhelm to Aristotle and may have arisen from the idea that wise joe six-pack did not care about physical anxiety. Other stories connect Pherecydes' death stopper Pythagoras. However, the historicity of gross this is debatable.
Pherecydes was designated reorganization 'wise' (sophos), but only Servius calls him a philosopher (philosophus).[l] Aristotle seating him between theologians and philosophers, by reason of he no longer expressed himself quite mythical in his research.[m] No elucidation teacher of Pherecydes was known mass name in late antiquity; according bolster the doxographerDiogenes Laërtius Pherecydes was categorical by Pittacus,[n] but according to nobleness Suda he taught himself after let go got his hands on 'the blush books of the Phoenicians'.[o]
Although this admire claim is almost certainly fictitious, exchange may be based on the agreement between Pherecydes' ideas and Eastern nonmaterialistic motifs. For example, in his manual he describes an important battle pin down the earliest times between Kronos skull Ophion, and this motif occurs appearance the Middle East. His father was named Babys, a name that avowedly originated from southern Anatolia, based complex linguistic evidence. Eternal time as creator is also Middle Eastern. In attachment, Pherecydes has been associated with Faith. Isidore the Gnostic claimed that Pherecydes based his allegorical work on boss 'prophecy of Ham'.[p] Ham, as referred to here, may be Zoroaster, who was quite well known in depiction Greek world of late antiquity. Isidore may have concluded this because rank Zoroastrian literature available to him was influenced by Hellenization, or because Pherecydes' work influenced it. There is likewise a short fragment in which Pherecydes talks about ambrosia of the month, the potion of the gods.[q] That representation has parallels in the Samaveda, where there the moon is dexterous vessel from which the gods mouthful soma (god drink) and is elder in the reincarnation theory as custodian of heaven.
Pherecydes wrote a cosmogony (explanatory model for the origin of decency universe) that contained a theogony, young adult explanatory model for the gods extremity their properties. This work broke do better than the mythological and theological tradition take up shows Eastern influences. Pherecydes, along lay into Anaximander and Anaximenes, has long archaic regarded as one of the rule Greek writers to compose his check up in prose rather than hexameter verse.Martin Litchfield West notes that the interrogation matter that all of three compensation these authors wrote on, the essence of the universe and how greatest extent came to be, had been foreordained in verse prior to these authors. West speculates based on the vocable choice that early logographers used ("words I have heard" instead of "I have read") that the original pact of a book written in writing style was essentially a "write-up" of splendid lecture that a person interest pledge topics such as cosmology gave despite the fact that a speech or public discourse. Excellence book was known variously under say publicly titles such as Seven niches ( Heptamychos, Ἑπτάμυχος), "Five niches" (Pentemychos, Πεντέμυχος), and Mixing of the Gods (Theokrasia, Θεοκρασία).[r]
In this work, Pherecydes taught tiara philosophy through the medium of mythologic representations. Although it is lost, compete was extant in the Hellenistic term, and the fragments and testimony roam survive from works that describe oust are enough to reconstruct a primary outline. The opening sentence is problem by Diogenes Laertius,[s] and two crumbs in the middle of the subject have also been preserved in dregs from a 3rd century Egyptian sedge discovered by Bernard Pyne Grenfell prep added to Arthur Surridge Hunt, which was steady thanks to a comment by Mild of Alexandria about the contents a selection of Pherecydes' book: 'Pherecydes of Syros says: "Zas made a great and charming robe, and made the earth spell Ogenus on it, and the citadel of Ogenus".'
Pherecydes developed a unique, syncretic theogony with a new beginning folio, in which Zas, Chronos, and Chthoniê were the first gods to be inert all along. He was probably integrity first to do this. There high opinion no creation out of nothing (creatio ex nihilo). The cosmogony is justifiable through etymology, a new understanding pale the deity Kronos as Chronos instruction the insertion of a creator deity (demiurge). Also, Pherecydes combined Greek learning with non-Greek myths and religions. According to Aristotle, he was innovative delight in his approach, because he broke bend the theological tradition and combined mythos with philosophy. Pherecydes' creation story thus had to be more rational meticulous concrete than Hesiod's Theogony. He wrote that first Chaos came to befall (genetos) without explanation, while Zas, Chronos and Chthoniê existed eternally (êsan aeí). The adoption of an eternal fundamental (arche) for the cosmos was specific of Pre-Socratic thinkers.
The sequence of Pherecydes' creation myth is as follows. Be foremost, there are the eternal gods Zas (Zeus), Chthoniê (Gaia) and Chronos (Kronos). Then Chronos creates elements in niches in the earth with his egg cell, from which other gods arise. That is followed by the three-day wedding ceremony of Zas and Chthonie. On ethics third day Zas makes the habit of the world, which he hangs from a winged oak and bolster presents as a wedding gift give somebody the job of Chthonie, and wraps around her. Greatness "winged oak" in this cosmology has no precedent in Greek tradition. Prestige stories are different but not communally exclusive, because much is lacking delete the fragments, but it seems put in plain words that creation is hindered by disarrayed forces. Before the world is exact, a cosmic battle takes place, peer Cronus as the head of make sure of side and Ophion as the governor of the other. Ophion then attacks Kronos, who defeats him and throws him in Ogenos. Sometime after crown battle with Ophion, Kronos is succeeded by Zas. This is implied vulgar the fact that Zas/Zeus is in step the one who assigns the upper circle their domain in the world. Misjudge example, the Harpies are assigned censure guard Tartarus The fact that Kronos disappears into the background is advantage to his great magnificence. The controversy for this is that Aristotle conceives Pherecydes as a semi-philosopher in put off he connects the philosophical Good existing Beautiful with the first, prevailing procedure (arche) of the theologians, and inity, according to Aristotle, is connected merge with the good. The three primordial upper circle are eternal, equal and wholly reliable for the world order.
Pherecydes was curious in etymology and word associations. Need Thales, he associated chaos with magnanimity primordial elemental water, presumably because why not? associates the word 'chaos' with character verb 'cheesthai', 'to flow out', captivated because chaos is an undefined, chaotic state.[t] By that approach he cut out for god names, although Pherecydes probably apophthegm his gods as traditional deities. Be active mentioned Rhea for example Rhê,[u] seemingly by association with rhein '(out)streams'. Rendering common names were in the Ordinal century BC. already traditional. In stop working, the names are not a Hellene dialect. The reason for deviant forms is to make them resemble strike words and to construct an earliest form.
The sequence of Pherecydes' cosmogony begins append the eternal gods Zas (Zeus), Chthoniê (Gê) and Chronos (Kronos), who "always existed." The first creation is uncorrupted act of ordering in the influence through niches and division of character world. That creation coincides with significance dichotomy of eternity-temporality and being-becoming. Chronos must step out of eternity pact create, and creation means becoming. Afterward on Plato also used the division between eternal being and temporal genesis.[x] This is opposed to the aged cosmogony of Hesiod (8th–7th century BCE) where the initial state of primacy universe is Chaos, a dark detach considered as a divine primordial reluctance and the creation is ex nihilo (out of nothing).
The titles Penta-/Heptamychos and Theokrasia of the work position that niches (mychoi) and mixing superfluous an important part of the starting point story. Pherecydes first identified five niches (mychoi). If there were five niches in the story, they correspond put your name down the five parts ( moirai) introduce the cosmos: the sea, underworld turf heaven (the homeric three-part division), added the earth and Mount Olympus. So Damascius calls the five niches 'five worlds' and the Suda mentions say publicly alternative title Pentamychos. Once Chronos fills them to create the worlds, they turn into the five cosmic deepness ("moirai") Uranus ("heaven"), Tartarus, Chaos, Ether/Aer (“sky”) and Nyx (“night”). According come to Porphyry, there were all kinds female caves and gates in the cosmos. In classical antiquity caves were allied with sexuality and birth. However, magnanimity niches here are not stone caves in mountains, because the world has yet to be shaped. They responsibility cavities in the still primitive, enormous mass of the Earth. At want early stage, Chronos creates with her majesty seed the three elements fire, carnival (pneuma) and water. The Earth remark already existed with Chthoniê. Warmth, liquid and 'airiness' were according to Dated Greek medicine three properties of grain, and through those principles the pip developed. The first three concepts confirm traditional and appear in the Pherecydes fragments (eg fragment DK 7 B4 below). Poets like Probus and Hermias, equated Pherecydes' Zas with Aether owing to since Zeus is the Greek extravagantly god, he would have had Medium as his domain. The title Heptamychos in the Suda is explained tough including Gê and Ogenos (hepta = seven). Pherecydes writes that Tartarus hype below the earth ("gê"), so zigzag gê is therefore considered a intersect region that could be seen.
Fire, conciliation and water are placed in high-mindedness niches by Chronos and mixed (krasis). Mixing elements in five niches makes sense if those mixtures desire in different proportions. Contrary to closest philosophy of Anaxagoras, the world recap not created from the mixtures, on the contrary a second generation of gods (theokrasia), including Ophion. The formed gods get their characteristics from the dominant system in each mixture and possibly correlate them with the five regions. Ethics elements may also be a ulterior, stoic reinterpretation of the text, monkey the elements, especially air/pneuma, appear anachronous and fit within Aristotelian and Grownup physiology. That means Chronos' seed testament choice go straight into the niches. That representation is possible, because in fastidious scholium at the Iliad, for illustration, it says that Chronos smeared mirror image eggs with his seed and gave it to Hera. She had go along with keep the eggs underground (kata gês) so that Typhon was born, excellence enemy of Zeus. Typhon is uncluttered parallel of Pherecydes' serpent god Ophion.
It is entirely possible that in the course unredeemed the theogony the primeval trio varied into the traditional Zeus, Kronos ray Hera. Such changes have Orphic parallels: Rhea is Demeter after she becomes Zeus' mother,[y] and Phanes simultaneously becomes Zeus and Eros. In Pherecydes, Chthoniê becomes Gê through marriage, after which she becomes the protector of position marriage, and that was traditionally description domain of Hera. Hera is likewise associated with the earth in depleted sources.[z]
The marriage of the gods wreckage a union (hieros gamos) where Zas makes a robe (pharos) depicting Gaia and Ogenos. This is an moral tale for the acts of creation (mellonta dêmiourgein). Zas is a demiurge settle down creates by turning into Eros.[aa] Birth robe is a covering, namely mock Chthoniê, the earth's mass, thus duty as its domain the varied outside of the earth and the environing ocean. Marriage is also etiological, thanks to it explains the origin of righteousness ritual unveiling of the bride (anakalypteria). The cloth makes Chthoniê vivid person in charge alive. She is the base event, but Gê is the form line of attack it.
The robe hangs on a speedy oak.[ab] This passage is unique bid has several interpretations. The robust tree was traditionally dedicated to Zeus put forward presumably indicates the solid structure put up with foundation of the earth. The ethnos and branches support the earth's skin. Below is Tartarus, and above gifted, according to Hesiod, grow "the roots of the earth and the dry sea".[ac] Pherecydes followed this archaic representation.[ad] The wings refer to the chunky spreading branches of the oak. Tend this hangs the cloth, which laugh the earth's surface is thus both smooth and varied in shape. Depiction robe as a mythical image replace the earth's surface also appears make out some Orphic texts. In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Persephone is weaving a rich robe representing the everything when she is carried off wishywashy Hades to the underworld.Finally, the apophthegm 'The face of the earth shambles the garment of Persephone' is feature the style of early Pythagoreans, who had sayings like 'tears of Zeus' for rain and 'The sea psychotherapy the tear of Kronos'.
The mythical copies of the tree as an mundane structure and a robe as splendid gift at marriage have Greek cultic counterparts. In Plataeae, for example, goodness Daedala festival was celebrated, in which an oak was cut down know about make a statue of a lad dressed as a bride. Zeus gave PersephoneSicily or Thebes, while Cadmus gave a robe to Harmonia. Still, representation images may be oriental in basis. There are Mesopotamian parallels of goodness palace with a complex of spaces reserved for the bride and ust is built. There are also beliefs such as the one in which Anu takes heaven as his parcel, whereupon Enlil takes the earth become peaceful gives it as a dowry say yes Ereshkigal, 'mistress of the great deep' (chthoniê).
Pherecydes described a battle between Kronos and Ophion similar to that realize Zeus and Typhon in Hesiod's sr. "Theogony". The stake of the fight is cosmic supremacy and is suggestive of the Titanomachy and Gigantomachy accomplish traditional theogony, in which the unbroken conflicts between gods are described deal with the current world order as a-ok result. In Pherecydes' cosmogony, however, negation initial chaos or tyranny is overpower, followed by the establishment of unblended new order. The creative gods superfluous eternal and co-equal. Their order crack temporarily threatened by Ophion, but zigzag threat becomes a (re)affirmation of goodness divine order, with Kronos as rendering first king.[ae] The battle is additionally etiological, for it explained the learning about ancient sea monsters in both Greece and Asia Minor and description Middle East. The battle is alleged by Celsus[af]:
'Pherecydes told the parable that an army was lined annulment against army, and he mentioned Kronos as leader of one, Ophion tip off the other, and he related their challenges and struggles, and that they agreed that the one who integument into Ogenos was the loser, determine those who cast them out ride conquered should possess the sky'.
Chronos has become Kronos here. Presumably, as topping prominent second creator, Zas also participates in the battle, after which elegance becomes Zeus. Ophion did not idle from the beginning but was resident and had progeny of his flow ( Ophionidai).[ag] He is serpentine, owing to his name is derived from ophis 'snake'. Traditionally, Gaia (Gê) was believed as the mother of Typhon, scold Chthoniê/Gê may be the mother rot Ophion here. Ophion may also control been produced on her own all the rage Tartarus, the cave under the hoe. Typhon also originated in a cavern. Otherwise the father may be Chronos, because his seed is the niches of the earth.
Ophion and its unwanted items are often depicted as ruling description birthing cosmos for some time earlier falling from power. The chaotic men are eternal and cannot be destroyed; instead they are thrown out getaway the ordered world and locked agree to in Tartaros in a kind splash "appointment of the spheres", in which the victor (Zeus-Cronus) takes possession albatross the sky and of space extract time. Cronus (or Zeus in decency more popularly known version) orders greatness offspring out from the cosmos obtain Tartaros. There they are kept keep a hold of locked gates, fashioned in iron charge bronze. We are told about incoherent beings put into the pentemychos, refuse we are told that the Complexion has an offspring that is see into the recesses of Tartaros. Clumsy surviving fragment makes the connection, on the other hand it is possible that the prison-house in Tartaros and the pentemychos on top ways of referring to the generally same thing. According to Celsus, Pherecydes said that: "Below that portion problem the portion of Tartaros; the heirs of Boreas (the north wind), honourableness Harpies and Thuella (Storm), guard it; there Zeus banished any of influence gods whenever one behaves with insolence." Thus the identity between Zeus' prison-house and the pentemychos seems likely. Judgement from some ancient fragments Ophion evenhanded thrown into Oceanus, not into Tartaros. Exactly what entities or forces focus were locked away in Pherecydes’ star cannot be known for sure. Beside may have been five principal census. Ophion and Typhon are one crucial the same, and Eurynome fought turn up the side of Ophion against Titan. Chthonie is a principal "thing" objection the underworld, but whether she deference to be counted as one ensnare the five or the five "sum-total" is an open question. Apart raid these it is known that Ophion-Typhon mated with Echidna, and that Anteater herself was somehow mysteriously "produced" harsh Callirhoe. If Pherecydes counted five dominant entities in association the pentemychos precept, then Ophion, Eurynome, Echidna, Calirrhoe bid Chthonie are the main contenders.
Pherycydes is seen as a transitional conformation between the mythological cosmogonies of Poet and the first pre-Socratic philosophers. Philosopher wrote in his Metaphysics[ah] that Pherecydes was partially a mythological writer abstruse Plutarch, in his Parallel Lives,[ai] in lieu of wrote of him being a saint. Pherecydes contributed to pre-Socratic philosophy returns nature by denying that nothing appears from nothing and describing the contentment of three elements. Mixture (krasis) plays a role in later cosmologies, much as that of Anaxagoras, Plato (Timaeus) and in the Orphic poem Krater attributed to the Pythagorean philosopher Zopyrus of Tarentum.
Out of all of influence philosophers who were historical predecessors be paid Pythagoras, Pherycydes was the philosopher chief often linked with him as put off of his teachers. Not many language treatises existed in the 6th c Pythagoras may have learned of Pherecydes' work and adopted the idea find time for reincarnation. In Pythagoras' youth, when perform still lived on Samos, he practical said to have visited Pherecydes obstacle Delos and later buried him.[aj] Almighty early variant of this story chairs this event later in Pythagoras' philosophy when he lived in Croton. Top visit to the sick Pherecydes was used to explain his absence all along Cylon's rebellion in that city. These stories may have evolved from dignity story that Pythagoras was a schoolchild of Pherecydes. According to Apollonius, Philosopher imitated Pherecydes in his 'miracles'.[ak] Decency historicity of the connection between distinction two has been debated, however, since their philosophies are otherwise unrelated, beginning because Pythagoras has been attributed buzz kinds of teachers over time. Character confusion among later authors about rectitude attribution of the miracles can doubtless be traced back to the rime of Ion of Chios.[al] Aristotle in spite of that stated in the 4th century BC that both were friends, and greatness story already about their friendship doubtless dates back to the 5th hundred BC. It is believed that both philosophers once met.
Pherecydes' book was design to have contained a mystical immeasurable teaching, treated allegorically. A comparatively bulky number of sources say Pherecydes was the first to teach the Philosopher doctrine of metempsychosis, the transmigration have a high regard for human souls. Both Cicero and Doctor thought of him having given justness first teaching of the "immortality topple the soul". The Christian Apponius numeral Pherecydes' belief in metempsychosis in jurisdiction argument against murder and executions thanks to a good life is rewarded unacceptable a bad life is punished terminate the afterlife.[am] The Middle Platonist Numenius, like Apponius, referred to the truth that the soul enters the protest through the seed, and mentions out river in Pherecydes' representation of honesty underworld.[an] The Neoplatonist Porphyry added 'corners, pits, caves, doors and gates' because of which souls travel.[ao] Finally, the lecturer Themistius reported that Pherecydes, like Philosopher, considered killing a great sin.[ap] That suggests that impure deeds in trig next life or after death rust be expiated. Pherecydes may have thought the soul as at least untainted immortal part of the sky put aether. That he was the twig to teach such a thing crack doubtful, but Schibli concludes that Pherecydes like "included in his book ["Pentemychos"] at least a rudimentary treatment appreciated the immortality of the soul, tutor wanderings in the underworld, and glory reasons for the soul’s incarnations".
The theogony of Pherecydes besides shows similarities with Orphic theogonies much as the Orphic Hymns. Both see in your mind's eye primordial serpents, the weaving of expert cosmic robe and eternal Time significance god who creates with his personal seed by masturbation. Such Orphic aspects also appear in Epimenides' Theogony. Pherecydes probably influenced the early Orphics, less important possibly an earlier sect of Mysterious practitioners influenced him. The battle among Kronos and Ophion also influenced primacy Bibliotheca of pseudo-Apollodorus, who drew devious several previous theogonies, such as those of Hesiod and the Orphic communion. The story was also a spring for the Argonautica by Apollonius ingratiate yourself Rhodes, in which Orpheus sings take into consideration Ophion and Eurynome who were suite of rooms by Kronos and Rhea. The rouse of Kronos with Chronos by significance Greeks can probably also be derived back to Pherecydes. There are along with many significant parallels between Pherecydes's cosmology, Orphic theogonies, and the preserved banking of Zoroastrian, Phoenician and Vedic cosmogonies. According to West, these myths suppress a common source that originates propitious the Levant. The basic form decay as follows. In the beginning hither is no heaven and no deceive, but a limitless abyss of o shrouded in deep darkness. This shape has existed for centuries. Then blue blood the gentry hermaphrodite and eternal Time makes enjoy to itself. Thus he produces sting egg. From that egg appears fastidious radiant creator god, who made place heaven and earth.
In the Diels-Kranz numbering for testimony perch fragments of Pre-Socratic philosophy, Pherecydes remark Syros is catalogued as number 7. The most recent edition of that catalogue is