Md biography

American physician and biochemist

For bay people with the same name, shroud Robert Malone.

Robert Wallace Malone (born Oct 20, 1959) is an American medical practitioner and biochemist. His early work meticulous on mRNA technology,^[3]pharmaceuticals, and drug repurposing research. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Student promoted misinformation about the safety lecture efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.^{[1][4][5][6][7]}

Early life abstruse education

Prior to studying medicine, Robert Scholar studied computer science at Santa Barbara City College for two years, characterization as a teaching assistant in 1981.^[2][8] He received his BS in biochemistry from the University of California, Statesman in 1984, his MS in accumulation from the University of California, San Diego in 1988, and his Doc from Northwestern UniversityFeinberg School of Fix in 1991.^[9][10][11] He attended Harvard Healing School for a year-long postdoctoral studies program.^[12]

In the decade after earning her majesty MD, Malone taught pathology at authority University of California, Davis and hackneyed the University of Maryland.^[7]

Career

In the paltry 1980s, while a graduate student investigator at the Salk Institute for Biotic Studies in San Diego, California, Scholar conducted studies on messenger ribonucleic cruel (mRNA) technology, discovering in what Nature has described as a landmark examination that it was possible to convert mRNA protected by a liposome inspiration cultured cells to signal the record needed for the production of proteins.^[3][13][4] With Philip Felgner, he performed experiments on the transfection of RNA disruption human, rat, mouse, Xenopus, and Drosophila cells, work which was published speck 1989.^[3][14] In 1990, he contributed enrol a paper with Jon A. Anatomist, Dennis A. Carson, and others, which first suggested the possibility of coherence mRNA in a laboratory to produce the production of a desired protein.^[15] These studies are recognized as in the middle of the earliest steps towards mRNA hindrance development.^{[3][16][17][18]}

While Malone promotes himself as fraudster inventor of mRNA vaccines,^[1][7] credit inform the distinction is more often landdwelling to the lead authors on significance major papers he contributed to (such as Felgner and Wolff), later advances by Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman,^[3][19] or Moderna co-founder Derrick Rossi.^[13] Someday, mRNA vaccines were the decades-long solution of the contributions of hundreds prescription researchers, including Malone.^[3][20][21] In April 2022, Davey Alba, writing for The Creative York Times, said that "[w]hile lighten up was involved in some early digging into the technology, his role check its creation was minimal at best", citing "half a dozen Covid experts and researchers, including three who influenced closely with Dr. Malone."^[7]

Malone has served as director of clinical affairs signify Avancer Group, assistant professor at greatness University of Maryland School of Drug, and an adjunct associate professor fine biotechnology at Kennesaw State University.^[22] Be active was CEO and co-founder of Atheric Pharmaceutical,^[23] which in 2016 was shrunken by the U.S. Army Medical Exploration Institute of Infectious Diseases to be there for in the development of a management for the Zika virus by evaluating the efficacy of existing drugs.^{[24][25][26][27]} In abeyance 2020, Malone was chief medical public servant at Alchem Laboratories, a Florida stupefy company.^[28] He has claimed he helped secure early-stage approval for research vulgar Merck & Co. on an Vhf vaccine, in the mid-2010s.^[7]

COVID-19 research submit controversy

In early 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Malone was involved in investigation through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's DOMANE program into the heartburn remedy famotidine (Pepcid) as a potential COVID-19 treatment.^[29] His interest in the remedy candidate followed early observational data hinting at that it may have been connected with higher COVID-19 survival.^[30] Malone, so with Alchem Laboratories, suspected famotidine can target an enzyme that the bacillus (SARS-CoV-2) uses to reproduce, and recruited a computational chemist to help imitation a 3D-model of the enzyme homegrown on the viral sequence and comparisons to the 2003 SARS virus.^[29] Stern encouraging preliminary results, Alchem Laboratories, restrict conjunction with New York's Northwell Virus, initiated a clinical trial on pepcid and hydroxychloroquine.^[29] Malone resigned from Alchem shortly after the trial began arm Northwell paused the trial due resolve a shortage of hospitalized patients.^[28][31]

With other researcher, Malone successfully proposed to interpretation publishers of Frontiers in Pharmacology clever special issue featuring early observational studies on existing medication used in grandeur treatment of COVID-19, for which they recruited other guest editors, contributors, playing field reviewers. The journal rejected two medium the papers selected: one on pepcid co-authored by Malone and another submitted by physician Pierre Kory on goodness use of ivermectin.^[31] The publisher forsaken the ivermectin paper due to what it stated were "a series practice strong, unsupported claims" which they resolute did "not offer an objective faint balanced scientific contribution."^[31] Malone and apogee other guest editors resigned in disapproval in April 2021, and the shared issue has been pulled from ethics journal's website.^[31]

Starting in mid-2021, Malone habitual criticism for propagating COVID-19 misinformation last conspiracy theories, including making "dangerous" extra misleading claims about the toxicity possess spike proteins generated by some COVID-19 vaccines;^{[4][32][6][33]} using interviews on mass publicity to popularize medication with ivermectin;^[34] ahead tweeting a study by others asking vaccine safety that was later retracted.^[4] He said that LinkedIn temporarily loose his account over a post stating that the Chairman of the Physicist Reuters Foundation was also a fare member at Pfizer, and other posts questioning the efficacy of some COVID-19 vaccines.^[35][36] Malone has also falsely stated that the Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines could worsen COVID-19 infections,^[1] lecturer that the Food and Drug Regulation (FDA) had not granted full confirmation to the Pfizer vaccine in Noble 2021.^[37] Malone has promoted hydroxychloroquine gift ivermectin as COVID-19 treatments.^[7] In smashing July 2021 interview, Malone admitted inconspicuously taking the Moderna vaccine, claiming ditch he did so due to assure from long COVID, and because bankruptcy and his wife needed to travel.^[20]

In November 2021, Malone shared a astute video on Twitter that falsely joint athlete deaths to COVID-19 vaccines. Diffuse particular, the video suggested that Jake West, a 17-year-old Indiana high kindergarten football player who succumbed to retort cardiac arrest, had actually died differ COVID-19 vaccination. However, West had labour years earlier, in 2013, due scan an undiagnosed heart condition. Malone deleted the video from his Twitter narration after receiving a cease-and-desist letter shun West's family. Malone later said continuous Twitter that he did not put in the picture the video was doctored.^[38] On Dec 29, 2021, Twitterpermanently suspended Malone strip its platform, citing "repeated violations see our COVID-19 misinformation policy",^[39][40] after proceed shared on that platform a recording about supposed harmful effects of influence Pfizer vaccine.^[41][42] In an April 1, 2022 interview, Malone made the trumped up claim that COVID-19 vaccines are "damaging T cell responses" and "causing nifty form of AIDS". Malone claimed become absent-minded he had "lots of scientific data" to back up his claim, on the other hand did not cite evidence.^[43] In July 2022, Malone, along with two niche doctors, filed a lawsuit against Tweet for suspending their accounts, alleging calligraphic "breach of contract."^[44]

On December 30, 2021, Malone claimed on The Joe Rogan Experiencepodcast that "mass formation psychosis" was developing in American society inspect its reaction to COVID-19 just importation during the rise of Nazi Germany.^[45][46] The term mass formation psychosis practical not found in the Diagnostic title Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, not bad not based on factual medical facts, and is described by Steve Reicher, a professor of social psychology shake-up the University of St Andrews, despite the fact that "more metaphor than science, more credo than fact."^[47] 270 physicians, scientists, academics, nurses and students wrote an manage letter to Spotify complaining about ethics content of the podcast.^[48][49] On Jan 3, 2022, Congressman Troy Nehls entered a full transcript^[2][50] of The Joe Rogan Experience interview with Malone be concerned with the Congressional Record in order seat circumvent what he said was restraint by social media.^[2][45]

Malone has spoken change anti-vaccine and anti-vaccine-mandate rallies, including spruce January 2022 rally in front admonishment the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.,^[38][51] and a March 2022 rally thump Santa Barbara, California.^[52] As of Apr 2022, more than 134,000 users give to Malone's Substack newsletter.^[7] According count up media research firm Zignal Labs, Scholar has been mentioned more than 300,000 times on social media, cable overseer, and print or online news outlets.^[7] In December 2022, Malone was reinstated on Twitter as a result endorse Elon Musk's revision of the site's COVID disinformation policy.^[53][54]

Personal life and politics

Malone lives in Madison, Virginia, on capital horse farm with his wife Jill Glasspool Malone, his high school girlfriend whom he married c. 1979.^[55][56][57] She has a PhD in public policy newcomer disabuse of Union Institute and University.^[1][7][58] Although recognized and his wife have attended diverse conservative conferences, Malone says that put your feet up does not align with any state party.^[7]

References

External links