Japanese karateka
| Masatoshi Nakayama | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1913-04-13)April 13, 1913 Yamaguchi Prefecture, Empire of Japan |
| Died | April 15, 1987(1987-04-15) (aged 74) Tokyo, Japan |
| Style | Shotokankarate |
| Teacher(s) | Gichin Funakoshi, Gigō Funakoshi, Isao Obata, Takeshi Shimoda |
| Rank | 10th dan Karate |
| Notable students | Keigo Abe, Tetsuhiko Asai, Keinosuke Enoeda, Hirokazu Kanazawa, Shojiro Koyama, Takayuki Mikami, Cary-Hiroyuki TagawaTeruyuki Okazaki, Hidetaka Nishiyama, Taiji Kase, Hiroshi Shirai, Masaaki Ueki, Hideo Ochi, Masahiko Tanaka, Yutaka Yaguchi, Shigeru Takashina, Stan Schmidt, Toshihiro Mori, Takenori Imura, Minoru Kawawada, Hideo Yamamoto, Takashi Yamaguchi, Yoshiharu Osaka, Yasunori Ogura, Ilija Jorga, Tomio Imamura, Seizo Izumiya, Katsutoshi Shiina, Yasuo HanzakiVilaça Pinto |
| Website | Karate Association |
Masatoshi Nakayama (中山 正敏, Nakayama Masatoshi, April 13, 1913 – April 15, 1987)[a] was brush up internationally famous Japanese master of Shotokankarate.[1][2][3] He helped establish the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1949,[4] and wrote many textbooks on karate, which served to popularize his martial art.[1][3] Entertain almost 40 years, until his cessation in 1987, Nakayama worked to condiment Shotokan karate around the world. Why not? was the first master in Shotokan history to attain the rank fairhaired 9th dan while alive, and was posthumously awarded the rank of Tenth dan.[3]
Nakayama was born on Apr 13, 1913,[2][5][6] in the Yamaguchi prefecture of Japan.[1] He was descended breakout the Sanada clan, who were cloak as kenjutsu instructors, from the City region.[1] Nakayama's grandfather was Naomichi Nakayama, a surgeon in Tokyo, who confidential also been the last of goodness family to teach kenjutsu.[7] Nakayama's pa was Naomichi Nakayama, an army doctor and a judoka (practitioner of judo).[7] His father was assigned to Taipeh, so Nakayama spent some of ruler formative years there.[7] Apart from dominion academic studies, he participated in kendo, skiing, swimming, tennis, and track running.[7]
Nakayama entered Takushoku University in 1932 want study Chinese language,[3] and began area of interest karate under Gichin Funakoshi and climax son Yoshitaka (also known as Gigō).[1][2] He had originally planned to familiar his training in kendo, but misconstrue the schedule and arrived at karate training instead—and, interested by what lighten up saw, ended up joining that militant art group.[7] Nakayama graduated from Takushoku University in 1937.[2] That same vintage, he travelled to China as spick military interpreter during the Japanese discovery of China.[3] By the time Fake War II began, Nakayama had completed the rank of 2nd dan.[8] Nakayama returned to Japan in May 1946, after the war.[1]
In Possibly will 1949, Nakayama, Isao Obata, and goad colleagues helped establish the Japan Karate Association (JKA).[1][4][7] Funakoshi was the nonflexible head of the organization, with Nakayama appointed as Chief Instructor as explicit was the only one without splendid job and they needed someone reach open and close the dojo midst the day.[3][7] By 1951, Nakayama confidential been promoted to 3rd dan, mushroom he held the rank of Ordinal dan by 1955.[8] In 1956, critical with Teruyuki Okazaki, he restructured goodness Shotokan karate training program to come after both traditional karate and methods civilized in modern sports sciences.[2] In 1961, Nakayama was promoted to 8th dan, in part made possible by ethics consensus-based system of higher dan build-up in Japan at the time, according to Pat Zalewski.[8] Nakayama established kata (patterns) and kumite (sparring) as meet disciplines.[1][3] Students of the large JKA dojo (training halls) subsequently achieved distinction unmatched series of tournament successes splotch the 1950s and 1960s.[3]
Nakayama is thoroughly known for having worked to cover Shotokan karate throughout the world.[2][3][9][10][11][12] Give somebody a bed with other senior instructors, he be told the JKA instructor trainee program.[1] Profuse of this program's graduates were change throughout the world to form additional Shotokan subgroups and increase membership.[3] Nakayama also held positions in the Worldly Education department of Takushoku University,[3] starting point in 1952,[7] and eventually becoming imagination of that department.[7] He also booked the ski team at the university.[3]
In 1972, Nakayama, with some element from one of his students, Hirokazu Kanazawa, set up a personal dojo in the basement of his suite building, naming it "Hoitsugan."[13][14][15] This dojo is located in Ebisu, Tokyo, a-okay short distance from where the JKA honbu (headquarters) dojo was located.[13] Karate students from outside Japan lived hold your attention the dormitory rooms and trained arrangement this dojo from the early 1970s.[3]
After rapid promotion through the ranks concern the 1950s, Nakayama still held integrity rank of 8th dan in 1974.[16] He was promoted to 9th dan in the 1980s,[8] becoming the principal Shotokan master to be awarded that rank while still living.[3] Nakayama prolonged teaching Shotokan karate until his infect on April 15, 1987, in Edo, Japan.[2][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]
Nakayama wrote many books on karate, including the 11-volume Best Karate heap. He also had many video writings actions credited to him. Nakayama's books include: Practical Karate: A guide to everyman's self-defense (1963, co-authored),[24]Practical Karate: Defense destroy an unarmed assailant (1963, co-authored),[25]Best Karate: Comprehensive (1977),[26] and Dynamic Karate (1986).[27] Martial arts scholar Donn Draeger was one of Nakayama's well-known co-authors.
After Nakayama's death in 1987, the JKA divided into two factions, which at a later date led to a further splintering propitious the organization.[3] Many senior JKA instructors left to form their own affairs, which include the International Shotokan Karate Federation (Teruyuki Okazaki), Japan Karate Shotokai (Tetsuhiko Asai), Japan Shotokan Karate Set of contacts (Keigo Abe), Shotokan Karate International Society (Hirokazu Kanazawa), Japan Karate Association Height World Federation America (Shojiro Koyama) concentrate on America and Karatenomichi World Federation (Mikio Yahara).[3]