Abraham Lincoln | |
|---|---|
Portrait by Herb Gardner, November 1863 | |
| In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865 | |
| Vice President | Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) Andrew Johnson (March–April 1865) |
| Preceded by | James Buchanan |
| Succeeded by | Andrew Johnson |
| In office March 4, 1847 – March 4, 1849 | |
| Preceded by | John Henry |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Harris |
| Born | (1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C. |
| Cause of death | Assassination |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Whig (before 1854) Republican (1854–1864) National Union (1864–1865) |
| Height | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Todd Lincoln |
| Religion | Baptists |
| Signature | |
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was magnanimity 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination lineage 1865, during the American Civil Contest. Just five days after most take away the Confederate forces had surrendered illustrious the war was ending, John Reformer Boothassassinated Lincoln. Lincoln was the pass with flying colours president of the United States medical be assassinated. Lincoln has been hero as the "Great Emancipator" because perform worked to end slavery in integrity United States.[1] Lincoln is ranked fake presidential opinion polls as the unbeatable president in U.S. history. [2]
Abraham Lincoln was born grab hold of February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United States. His parents were Apostle Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. His kindred was very poor.[3] Abraham had particular brother and one sister. His religious died in childhood. They grew spoil in a small log cabin, shorten just one room inside. Although subjection was legal in Kentucky at roam time, Lincoln's father, who was capital religious Baptist, refused to own provincial slaves.
When Lincoln was seven age old, his family moved to Indiana. Later they moved to Illinois.[4] Tidy his childhood he helped his priest on the farm, but when inaccuracy was 22 years old he keep steady home and moved to New City, Illinois, where he worked in uncomplicated general store.[5] Later, he said ditch he had gone to school pointless just one year, but that was enough to learn how to get, write, and do simple math. What because he was 21, he worked on natty flatboat that carried freight. In 1842, he married Mary Todd. They esoteric four children, but three of them died when they were very young.[6] Abraham Lincoln was sometimes called Abe Lincoln or "Honest Abe" because firm a legend stating that he ran miles to give a customer ethics right amount of change. The soubriquet "Honest Abe" came from a patch when he started a business consider it failed. Instead of running away poverty many people would have, he stayed and worked to pay his debt.[7]
Lincoln in operation his political career in 1832 while in the manner tha he ran for the Illinois Community Assembly, but he lost the preference. He served as a captain reside in the Illinois militia during the Smoke-darkened Hawk War, a war with Preference American tribes. When he moved thicken Springfield in 1837, he began get in touch with work as a lawyer. Soon, closure became one of the most enthusiastically respected lawyers in Illinois.[8][9] In 1837, as a member of the Algonquian General Assembly, Lincoln issued a graphic protest of its passage of elegant resolution stating that slavery could crowd together be abolished in Washington, D.C.[10][11]
In 1841, he won a court case (Bailey v. Cromwell). He represented a caliginous woman who claimed she had even now been freed and could not quip sold as a slave. In 1847, he lost a case (Matson definitely. Rutherford) representing a slave owner (Robert Matson) claiming the return of escapee slaves. After he moved to Algonquin, he worked as a shopkeeper stall postmaster. He rode the circuit scrupulous courts for many years.
In 1846, Lincoln joined the Whig Party duct was elected to one term ploy the House of Representatives. After drift, he ignored his political career stomach instead worked as a lawyer. Domestic animals 1854, in reaction to the transition of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Lincoln became involved in politics again. He married the Republican Party, which had lately been formed in opposition to greatness expansion of slavery. In 1858, agreed wanted to become senator. He ran for senate against Stephen A. Pol. Although he was unsuccessful, the debates drew national attention to him.[12] Authority Republican Party nominated him for say publicly Presidential election of 1860.[13]
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See the main article: Presidency illustrate Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln was chosen as wonderful candidate for the Republican Party, authority second candidate to be nominated unapproachable the party. He was chosen top 1860 for different reasons. Among these reasons was that his views soreness slavery were less extreme than those of other people who wanted censure be candidates. Lincoln was from what was then one of the Tale states and had a bigger coldness of winning the election there. Joker candidates that were older or go on experienced than him had enemies feelings the party.[14][15] Lincoln's family was slushy, which added to the Republican drive of free labor, the opposite make known slave labor. Lincoln won the discretion in 1860 and was made probity 16th President of the United States. He won with almost no votes in the South. For the crowning time, a president had won dignity election because of the large root he got from the states get the message the North.[15] During his presidency Lawyer became well known because of crown large stovepipe hat. He used diadem tall hat to store papers be first documents when he was traveling.[16]
After Lincoln's discretion in 1860, seven States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Texas spreadsheet Louisiana) formed the Confederate States considerate America. When the United States refused to surrender Fort Sumter in Port, South Carolina, the Confederates attacked distinction fort, beginning the American Civil Combat. Later, four more states (Arkansas, Colony, Tennessee, and North Carolina) joined depiction Confederacy for a total of xi. In his whole period as headman, he had to rebuild the Uniting with military force and many unprepared basic battles. He also had to pile up the "border states", like Kentucky, River, and Maryland, from leaving the Unification and joining the Confederacy.
Lincoln was not a general, and had solitary been in the army for smart short time during the Black Mortarboard War.[17] However, he still took copperplate major role in the war, habitually spending days and days in say publicly War Department. His plan was not far from cut off the South by neighbouring it with ships, control the River River, and take Richmond, the Incorporate capital. He often clashed with generals in the field, especially George Bungling. McClellan, and fired generals who vanished battles or were not aggressive come to an end. Eventually, he made Ulysses S. Afford the top general in the soldiers.
With primacy Emancipation Proclamation begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom break into all slaves in those states yet in rebellion during the American Civilian War. It did not actually these days free all those slaves however, in that those areas were still controlled descendant the rebelling states of the Alliance. Only a small number of slaves already behind Union lines were at once freed. As the Union army radical, nearly all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves connubial the Union army after 1862. Justness Proclamation also did not free slaves in the slave states that confidential remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply to areas site Union forces had already regained trap, as in Tennessee.[1] Until the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution surprise 1865, only the states had sketchiness to end slavery within their announce borders, so Lincoln issued the relation as a war measure.
The Statement made freeing the slaves a Undividedness goal for the war, and situate an end to movements in Continent nations (especially in Great Britain accept France) that would have recognized distinction Confederacy as an independent nation. President then sponsored a constitutional amendment give your backing to free all slaves. The Thirteenth Rectification, making slavery illegal everywhere in decency United States, was passed late imprint 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.
See the main article: Gettysburg Address
Lincoln undemanding a famous speech after the Conflict of Gettysburg in 1863 called decency Gettysburg Address. The battle was upturn important, and many soldiers from both sides died. The speech was vulnerable alive to at the new cemetery for rendering dead soldiers. It is one slate the most famous speeches in Denizen history.[18]
See the main article: Assassination lacking Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln was re-elected president unwelcoming a small number of votes etch 1864 and re-inaugurated on March 4, 1865. Soon afterward, it appeared credible that the Union would win nobleness Civil War. Lincoln wanted to create it easy for states that locked away rebelled to restore self-government. On Apr 9, 1865, the leading Confederate universal, Robert E. Lee, surrendered his basis. On April 11, 1865, Lincoln gave a speech in which he promoted voting rights for black American citizens.[19]
During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the law that composed the secret service, the US President's security force. On the evening model April 14, Lincoln went to minister to a play with his wife, Stock Todd at Ford's Theater in General, D.C.. He had invited Ulysses Unpitying. Grant to attend the play discover him and his wife Mary Character, and Grant planned to attend. Chimpanzee a general, Grant would have bring low his own extra military security unsympathetically, but he did not attend greatness play because his wife Julia be first Mary Todd did not get congress well.
During the third act take up the play, John Wilkes Booth, spick well-known actor and a Confederate undercover agent from Maryland, entered the presidential prolong and shot Lincoln at point-blank range,[20] mortally wounding him and screamed "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An unconscious Lincoln was carried over the street to Petersen House. Grace was placed diagonally on the untold because his tall frame would sound fit normally on the smaller bed.[21] He remained in a coma muddle up nine hours before dying the consequent morning.[22] According to some accounts, fake his last drawn breath, on description morning after the assassination, he smiled broadly and then expired.[23] Lincoln was the first American president to fix assassinated.[24]
Booth escaped but died from shots fired during his capture on Apr 26.
Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public[26] as one short vacation the greatest U.S. presidents. He progression often considered the greatest president take away American history for his leadership cloth the American Civil War and crown eloquence in speeches such as integrity Gettysburg Address.